Summary

Leucine Rich Repeat

CAUTION: This Pfam may not find all Leucine Rich Repeats in a protein. Leucine Rich Repeats are short sequence motifs present in a number of proteins with diverse functions and cellular locations. These repeats are usually involved in protein-protein interactions. Each Leucine Rich Repeat is composed of a beta-alpha unit. These units form elongated non-globular structures. Leucine Rich Repeats are often flanked by cysteine rich domains.

Literature references

Kobe B, Deisenhofer J; , Trends Biochem Sci 1994;19:415-421.: The leucine-rich repeat: a versatile binding motif. PUBMED:7817399
Kobe B, Deisenhofer J; , Nature 1993;366:751-756.: Crystal structure of porcine ribonuclease inhibitor, a protein with leucine-rich repeats. PUBMED:8264799

InterPro entry IPR001611

Glutamate synthase (GltS)1 is a key enzyme in the early stages of the assimilation of ammonia in bacteria, yeasts, and plants. In bacteria, L-glutamate is involved in osmoregulation, is the precursor for other amino acids, and can be the precursor for haem biosynthesis. In plants, GltS is especially essential in the reassimilation of ammonia released by photorespiration. On the basis of the amino acid sequence and the nature of the electron donor, three different classes of GltS can de defined as follows: 1) ferredoxin-dependent GltS (Fd-GltS), 2) NADPH-dependent GltS (NADPH-GltS), and 3) NADH-dependent GltS (properties of the three classes have been reviewed extensively PUBMED:10357231). The enzyme is a complex iron-sulphur flavoprotein catalysing the reductive transfer of the amido nitrogen from L-glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to form two molecules of L-glutamate via intramolecular channelling of ammonia from the amidotransferase domain to the FMN-binding domain.

Reaction of amidotransferase domain:

Reactions of FMN-binding domain:

Clan

This family is a member of clan LRR (CL0022), which contains the following 4 members:

FNIP LRR_1 LRR_2 LRR_3

Gene Ontology

Molecular function

protein binding (GO:0005515)

Internal database links

SCOOP:

LRRCT FNIP LRR_2 LRR_3 LRR_adjacent TIR Flg_new

External database links

HOMSTRAD:	LRR internalin
PANDIT:	PF00560
SCOP:	1bnh
SYSTERS:	LRR_1

Domain organisation

Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...

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Alignments

There are various ways to view or download the sequence alignments that we store. You can use a sequence viewer to look at either the seed or full alignment for the family, or you can look at a plain text version of the sequence in a variety of different formats. More...

View options

Alignment:	Seed (2439) Full (51443) NCBI (95254) Metagenomics (2805)
Viewer:

Formatting options

Alignment:	Seed (2439) Full (51443)
Format:
Order:	Tree Alphabetical
Sequence:	Inserts lower case All upper case
Gaps:
Download/view:	Download View

Download options

Very large alignments can often cause problems for the formatting tool above. If you find that downloading or viewing a large alignment is problematic, you can also download a gzip-compressed, Stockholm-format file containing the seed or full alignment for this family.

You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.

The main seed and full alignments are generated using sequences from the UniProt sequence database. However, we also generate alignments using sequences from the NCBI sequence database and the "metaseq" metagenomics dataset.

You can view alignments from these two additional datasets using the form above, or you can download alignments of NCBI or metagenomics sequences, as gzip-compressed files.

Pfam alignments:	Seed (2439) Full (51443) NCBI (95254) Metagenomics (2805)
Full length sequences	Full-sequences (51443)

External links

MyHits provides a collection of tools to handle multiple sequence alignments. For example, one can refine a seed alignment (sequence addition or removal, re-alignment or manual edition) and then search databases for remote homologs using HMMER2.

HMM logo

HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...

Trees

This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed or full alignments.

Note: You can also download the data files for the seed, full, NCBI or metagenomics trees.

Curation and family details

This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.

Curation

Seed source:

Reference 1

Previous IDs:

LRR;

Type:

Repeat

Author:

Bateman A

Number in seed:

2439

Number in full:

51443

Average length of the domain:

23.00 aa

Average identity of full alignment:

32 %

Average coverage of the sequence by the domain:

3.43 %

HMM information

HMM build commands:

build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED

search method: hmmsearch -Z 9421015 -E 1000 HMM pfamseq

Model details:

Parameter	Sequence	Domain
Gathering cut-off	20.6	9.2
Trusted cut-off	20.6	9.2
Noise cut-off	20.5	9.1

Model length:

22

Family (HMM) version:

26

Download:

download the raw HMM for this family

Species distribution

Tree controls

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The tree shows the occurrence of this domain across different species. More...

Species trees

We show the species tree in one of two ways. For smaller trees we try to show an interactive representation, which allows you to select specific nodes in the tree and view them as an alignment or as a set of Pfam domain graphics.

Unfortunately we have found that there are problems viewing the interactive tree when the it becomes larger than a certain limit. Furthermore, we have found that Internet Explorer can become unresponsive when viewing some trees, regardless of their size. We therefore show a text representation of the species tree when the size is above a certain limit or if you are using Internet Explorer to view the site.

If you are using IE you can still load the interactive tree by clicking the "Generate interactive tree" button, but please be aware of the potential problems that the interactive species tree can cause.

Interactive tree

For all of the domain matches in a full alignment, we count the number that are found on all sequences in the alignment. This total is shown in the purple box.

We also count the number of unique sequences on which each domain is found, which is shown in green. Note that a domain may appear multiple times on the same sequence, leading to the difference between these two numbers.

Finally, we group sequences from the same organism according to the NCBI code that is assigned by UniProt, allowing us to count the number of distinct sequences on which the domain is found. This value is shown in the pink boxes.

We use the NCBI species tree to group organisms according to their taxonomy and this forms the structure of the displayed tree. Note that in some cases the trees are too large (have too many nodes) to allow us to build an interactive tree, but in most cases you can still view the tree in a plain text, non-interactive representation. Those species which are represented in the seed alignment for this domain are highlighted.

You can use the tree controls to manipulate how the interactive tree is displayed:

show/hide the summary boxes
highlight species that are represented in the seed alignment
expand/collapse the tree or expand it to a given depth
select a sub-tree or a set of species within the tree and view them graphically or as an alignment
save a plain text representation of the tree

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Interactions

There are 13 interactions for this family. More...

Trypsin Cadherin RnaseA VWA LRR_1 Sema LRRNT TIG E1_DerP2_DerF2 I-set RabGGT_insert LRR_adjacent Tap-RNA_bind

Structures

For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the LRR_1 domain has been found.

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Family: LRR_1 (PF00560)

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